[讨论]脉冲电镀的研究现状
<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲电镀的研究现状</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 13.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲电镀是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">2O</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">6O</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代发展起来的一种电镀技术，因为它的应用范围极广，不但在各种常规镀种的高速电镀上应用，而且在印制板高密度互连</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">通孔酸性镀铜上，在制造纳米晶、纳米多层膜时，应用脉冲电镀都比直流电镀好，因此脉冲电镀发展非常迅速。其工作原理主要是利用电流</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">或电压</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲的张驰增加阴极的活化极化和降低阴极的浓差极化。脉冲电镀特点主要体现在以下四个方面：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">1)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">能够得到孔隙率低、致密、导电率高的沉积层．因此具有良好的防护能力；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">2)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">降低了浓差极化，提高了阴极的电流密度，从而达到提高镀速的作用；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">3)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">消除氢脆，镀层内应力得以改善；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">4)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">减少了添加剂的使用。提高镀层纯度。成分稳定，深镀能力强。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲镀锌及其合金： </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为进一步提高镀锌层的防护性能。张景双等作了通过脉冲电镀技术提高锌镀层性能的研究。认为脉冲电镀的最佳工艺参数为：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">Jm=<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="a" sourcevalue="2" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">2A</chmetcnv>/dm<sup>2 </sup></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">f=100Hz</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">D=1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，在此条件下得到的镀层，比直流电镀的镀层光亮细致、耐蚀性好；在无添加剂的碱性镀锌体系中，用脉冲电流电镀能够得到良好的镀层，但可采用的平均电流密度范围较窄；利用脉冲电镀可以减少添加剂的用量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲镀铬及其合金：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">随着人们环保意识的加强，三价铬电镀的兴起，为脉冲电镀在镀铬领域的应用创造了契机。三价铬镀液相对六价铬镀液具有毒性低的特点，但直流电镀在三价铬镀液获得厚铬镀层较困难。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">Song </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">用含次磷酸钠络合剂的甲酸氨三价铬镀液脉冲电沉积可获得厚硬铬镀层。并使镀层的内应力降低了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">2j</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">～</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 7j </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。测量了脉冲频率、电流密度与电流效率的关系，以及电流密度、脉冲条件与镀层内应力之间的关系获得最佳镀层</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 13.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲镀镍及其合金:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">镀镍也是金属电镀中最重要的种类之一，广泛地用在汽车、机械、仪表及日用工业品中作为防护装饰性镀层或者镀金、镀铬的中间层。从它的这些应用来看，要求镀层具有相应的适应性能，如孑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">L</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">隙率低、硬度高、内应力小等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲镀铜：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲镀铜的研究主要集中在印刷电路板的通孔镀铜技术上，近几年来，随着信息技术的快速发展对高性能印制电路板</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">PCB(Printing Circuit Board)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">技术及品质要求不断提高，电路的设计要求趋向于细导线、高密度、小孑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">L</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">径，特别是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">HDI</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">印制板中的微小盲孔，现今的直流电镀难以满足要求，高厚径比小孔电镀技术就是其关键问题之一。目前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">PCB</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">业内逐渐采用周期脉冲换向电流电镀技术以解决其工艺难题.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">．5 </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脉冲电镀中重要部件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">—</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不溶性阳极：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 脉冲电镀中目前能承受反向电流冲击的最好材料是镀铂钛网，但是由于其高昂的价格使人望而却步，国外开发出来用钛涂贵金属氧化物网来代替镀铂钛网成功运用于多种脉冲电镀中，国内目前只有新乡市未来水化学有限公司生产此种电极（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><a href="http://www.ti-anode.com/"><font face="Times New Roman">http://www.ti-anode.com</font></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">），性能不低于国外产品，为我国脉冲电镀国产化奠定了坚实的基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p></p></span>
页:
[1]